Understanding world space and local space (also known as global and local coordinates) is essential for working in 2D and 3D game development. 

🔹 Local Space (a.k.a. Local Coordinates)

Definition: Coordinates are relative to the object’s parent (or its own origin if it has no parent).

Example:

• You have a player character with a sword as a child node.
  
  

• If the sword’s position is (1, 0, 0) in local space, it means it is 1 unit to the right of the player, not the entire game world.
  
  

• If the player moves, the sword moves with them, because it’s positioned relative to the player.
  
  

Uses:

• Great for positioning parts of a model (like eyes, weapons, or turrets).
  
  

• Makes it easier to animate or rotate components around their parent.
  
  

🔹 World Space (a.k.a. Global Coordinates)

Definition: Coordinates are relative to the entire game world’s origin, not the object's parent.

Example:

• The player might be at position (5, 0, 0) in world space.
  
  

• The sword (child) might be at (6, 0, 0) in world space (because it’s offset from the player).
  
  

• If you moved the player to (10, 0, 0), the sword’s new world position would be (11, 0, 0)—it follows but maintains its local offset.
  
  

Uses:

• Needed for things like placing objects exactly on a map or checking positions of distant objects.
  
  

• Used in physics and pathfinding systems to calculate distances and directions accurately.